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Korea was the fifteenth country in the world to start television broadcasting when it first launched in Seoul in 1956. Since then, the structure, content and policies concerning Korean television have continuously transformed, due largely to changing contextual circumstances such as wide-ranging socio-political democratization and the rise of the neoliberal global economic system and digital technologies. Up until the 1980s, the oligopolistic structure of the two public broadcasting networks  – Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC)  – dominated the broadcasting market. However the landscape has dramatically changed since the early 1990s, with 11 newly launched commercial terrestrial broadcasting channels (including Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) in December 1991) and 153 cable channels when the multichannel television era began (Jin 2005 : 1). A digital satellite television system called Skylife was launched in March 2002, and airs 176 channels at the time of writing. Such changes stem from the shift in the domestic political climate where liberalization and privatization were promoted in assertively practiced neoliberal reform movement in the early 1980s, as well as changes in the global cultural industry environments based largely on globalization and the development of digital technologies. This chapter explores democratization, transnationalization and digitalization, three active factors within Korean television broadcasting by analysing changes and shifts in popular music programmes.

This chapter presents a critical analysis of media and change in postcolonial Malaysia, a South-East Asian nation of 29  million multicultural people, with a focus on the role of television in the nation’s transformation following independence from British rule in 1957. Despite having inherited the basic democratic institutions of the British political tradition, Malaysia continues to debate the transition from soft authoritarianism to democracy (Means 1996 :  103). Since 1957, Malaysia has been led by a single political party, the Barisan Nasional (BN). While the BN is a coalition of three major ethnic-based political groups, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), it is, in effect, a symbol of Malay-Muslim supremacy (Ketuanan Melayu). UMNO, the dominant group within the party, has, since its formation, aspired to uphold Malay culture as national culture and Islam as the offi cial religion for the country. From the fi rst general elections in 1959 until the 2008 general elections, the BN held two-thirds of the 222 seats in the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives). Malaysian media scholar Karthigesu ( 1987 , 1994 ) contends this was largely due to the role of public television, which was launched and promoted by government itself, broadcasting in its colonial service model. In fact, the arrival of state television in 1963 coincided with the formation of the Federation of Malaysia (Moten and Mokhtar 2013 ). In this chapter I argue that television has been pivotal in shaping and transforming the political and cultural landscape of Malaysia as the medium evolved from a strictly national to a loosely global and then fluidly trans-local orientation. While television fi rst enabled the BN to hold its two-thirds majority and build the nation premised on Malay supremacy policies, it subsequently played a part in weakening the BN’s grip over the multiethnic electorate as the UMNO Ketuanan Melayu ideology, layered deep beneath the powdered face of television, surfaced in the digital media era.

Japan and China look back on a history of friendship as well as friction, particularly in recent decades. As the People's Republic of China's economy began to grow in the 1990s, so did its political weight within Asia and its economical relevance for Japan. Covering the years from 1989 to 2005, this book looks at Sino-Japanese relations through film and television drama in the crucial time of China's ascent to an economic superpower in opposition to Japan's own ailing economy. It provides an overview of how Japan views China through its visual media, offers explanations as to how oppositions between the two countries came to exist, and how and why certain myths about China have been conveyed.Griseldis Kirsch argues that the influence of visual media within society cannot be underestimated, nor should their value be lessened by them being perceived as part of 'popular culture'. Drawing on examples from a crucial 16 years in the history of post-war Japan and China, she explores to what extent these media were influenced by the political discourse of their time. In doing so, she adds another layer to the on-going debate on Sino-Japanese relations, bringing together disciplines such as media studies, history and area studies and thus filling a gap in existing research.

Our most modern monster and perhaps our most American, the zombie that is so prevalent in popular culture today has its roots in African soul capture mythologies. The Transatlantic Zombie provides a more complete history of the zombie than has ever been told, explaining how the myth's migration to the New World was facilitated by the transatlantic slave trade, and reveals the real-world import of storytelling, reminding us of the power of myths and mythmaking, and the high stakes of appropriation and homage. Beginning with an account of a probable ancestor of the zombie found in the Kongolese and Angolan regions of seventeenth-century Africa and ending with a description of the way, in contemporary culture, new media are used to facilitate zombie-themed events, Sarah Juliet Lauro plots the zombie's cultural significance through Caribbean literature, Haitian folklore, and American literature, film, and the visual arts. The zombie entered US consciousness through the American occupation of Haiti, the site of an eighteenth-century slave rebellion that became a war for independence, thus making the figuration of living death inseparable from its resonances with both slavery and rebellion. Lauro bridges African mythology and US mainstream culture by articulating the ethical complications of the zombie's invocation as a cultural conquest that was rebranded for the American cinema. As The Transatlantic Zombie shows, the zombie is not merely a bogeyman representing the ills of modern society, but a battleground over which a cultural war has been fought between the imperial urge to absorb exotic, threatening elements, and the originary, Afro-disaporic culture's preservation through a strategy of mythic combat

La producción visual de América Latina del siglo XX condensa una variable de emergentes artísticos diversosno solo por la complejidad histórica que caracteriza al continente sino por la pluralidad de comunidades nativas que conformaron su territorio geográfico. Así como la crítica cultural ha abonado fuertemente el terreno de las artes también han surgido otras vías de estudio enlazadas con dimensiones sociales, económicas y políticas. Cabe mencionar los aportes al ámbito de las producciones visualesde una perspectiva analítica que en el escenario latinoamericano se inscribe en el llamado ‘giro decolonial’. América Latina posee una tradición franqueada por luchas contra el colonialismo y el eurocentrismo. En la actualidad, la esfera artística contemporánea manifiesta sus posicionamientos colectivos frente a una sociedad globalizada. En este aspecto, las contribuciones de la inflexión decolonial permiten pensar otros sentidos inherentes a las formulaciones estéticas surgidas en estas regiones. Se analizarán las obras de Alfredo Jaar, Tania Bruguera y Milagros de la Torre.

Compuesta por 355 obras de arte de naturaleza muy variada, la exposición en sala y ahora impresa busca visibilizar, dignificar, valorar y difundir los legados civilizatorios, reativos, culturales, económicos, sociales, políticos, tecnológicos, ambientales e históricos de los pueblos del África occidental y de sus descendientes en la construcción de Antioquia. Además, este catálogo pretende ubicar en las manos del público, y de los especialistas en museos y en estética, el de-bate sobre las encrucijadas que encierra la representación museal de las obras artísticas y de las culturas de los pueblos afroamericanos fraguados en el seno de las dinámicas esclavistas, imperiales y coloniales.

The land we are' is a stunning collection of writing and art that interrogates the current era of reconciliation in Canada. Using visual, poetic, and theoretical language, the contributorsn approach reconciliation as a problematic narrative about Indigenous-settler relations, but also as a site where converseations about a just future must occur. The result of a four-year collaboration between artists and scholars engaged in resurgence and decolonization, 'The land we are' is a moving dialogue that blurs the boundaries between activism, research, and the arts

Writing a history of Indian television immediately begs the question, how do we want it read? Exhaustive chronological treatments anchor the field (Kumar 2000 ), ideological examinations reveal a Hindu-centric nation with serious consequences for religious and gender minorities (Rajagopal 1996 ; Mitra 1993 ; Van der Veer 1997 ), development analyses demonstrate the failures of a socialist state (F ü risch and Shrikhande 2007 ), and audience studies reveal complex negotiations among multiple identity positions (Mankekar 1999 ). These critical approaches to the study of television in India rightly expose power differentials that facilitate, through the centuries, the inequities of interwoven structures of imperialism, colonialism, casteism, and capitalist patriarchy. Most importantly, they highlight the chronic condition of distrust in postcolonial societies, making it highly challenging to legitimize profi table connections to global circuits as they modernize under the very conditions that once constrained them.

Video games have long been seen as the exclusive territory of young, heterosexual white males. In a media landscape dominated by such gamers, players who do not fit this mold, including women, people of color, and LGBT people, are often brutalized in forums and in public channels in online play. Discussion of representation of such groups in games has frequently been limited and cursory. In contrast, Gaming at the Edge builds on feminist, queer, and postcolonial theories of identity and draws on qualitative audience research methods to make sense of how representation comes to matter. In Gaming at the Edge, Adrienne Shaw argues that video game players experience race, gender, and sexuality concurrently. She asks: How do players identify with characters? How do they separate identification and interactivity? What is the role of fantasy in representation? What is the importance of understanding market logic? In addressing these questions Shaw reveals how representation comes to matter to participants and offers a perceptive consideration of the high stakes in politics of representation debates. Putting forth a framework for talking about representation, difference, and diversity in an era in which user-generated content, individualized media consumption, and the blurring of producer/consumer roles has lessened the utility of traditional models of media representation analysis, Shaw finds new insight on the edge of media consumption with the invisible, marginalized gamers who are surprising in both their numbers and their influence in mainstream gamer culture.

La crise d'Oka marque un véritable moment de rupture dans lesrelatlons entre les premiers peuples et les colonies de peuplement. Dans les suites immédiates de l’échec de l’accord du lac Meech, ce long siège armé de 78 jours rend visible une présence autochtone que les sociétés québécoise et canadienne avaient imaginée évanouie. Àl’inverse, l’opposition à l’empiétement mis en œuvre à Kanehsatàke età Kahnawàke réactive une longue histolre de résistance au projet colonial d'appropriation des terres et d'effacement des peuples autochtones. Ce livre envisage la crise d'Oka, ou la résistance à Kanehsatàke, comme un espace de focalisatlon où se donne à voir larelation globale entre les peuples. Qu'est-ce que l'événement fait surgir, transforme et crée, dans la scénographie du siège, mais aussi dans les films documentaires et les récits littéraires, autochtones et allochtones? À l'heure où une nouvelle génération revient sur cette crise politique aux enjeux non résolus, ce livre ouvre un espace où entrent en relation et s'affrontent différents intérêts, connaissances et expressions relatifs à ce conflit territorial. Il engage une réflexion épistémologique essentielle à un processus de décolonisation aussi impératif qu'exigeant.

One may argue that Chinese television has already received more than its fair share of attention in the study of Chinese media. As compared with radio and cinema, which developed in the socialist era (1949-78), television has been seen as the dominant medium in the decades of marketization and economic reforms since the late 1970s (Zhu and Berry 2008 ). Television has been studied as a metonym for the ongoing tension and complicity between the Chinese state and the market (e.g., Zhao 1998 ; 2008a) and as a metaphor for the contradictions between a legacy of socialist rhetoric and ethos and a neoliberal market agenda. It is precisely these contradictions that make up what is often referred to as the ‘Chinese characteristics’ (Zhao 2008a; Sun and Zhao 2009 ) of China’s television culture.

Television dramas, both serials and series, have been a long-term recruiter of large-scale national audiences for television broadcasters as they are potentially able to speak to their audience in affective and imaginative ways (Chan 2011 ; Sun and Gorfi nkel 2014). Usually it is the locally produced drama that resonates most with a national audience, the familiarity of the setting and context often carrying signifi cant implications for social and sometimes political life (Blandford et al. 2011 , Chan 2011 ). These television texts can pick up on popular strands of discourses in the public sphere and succeed in establishing a form of dialogue with audiences; in the instances examined in this chapter, this dialogue is about the formation of national identities or citizenships. There is good reason, then, for broadcasters and governments to attempt to use television drama to educate and persuade, although Sugg and Power ( 2011 : 26-7), long-term drama producers at the BBC World Service Trust, warn that for dramas to succeed in this manner, they first have to be entertaining, otherwise they are unlikely to generate an audience in the fi rst place. Audiences are not easily fooled and can sniff out the difference between being entertained and being preached at in a didactic way. This chapter deals with a period in the history of Singapore where television historical drama played a signifi cant role in creating a national past upon which the promotion of a distinctive national identity might be based. In addition to a consideration of a selection of drama series themselves, the chapter draws upon interviews where viewers are encouraged to share their memories of these dramas, and the part they played in the construction of a Singaporean identity.

"Native Studies Keywords explores selected concepts in Native studies and the words commonly used to describe them, words whose meanings have been insufficiently examined. This edited volume focuses on the following eight concepts : sovereignty, land, indigeneity, nation, blood, tradition, colonialism, and indigenous knowledge. Each section includes three or four essays and provides definitions, meanings, and significance to the concept, lending a historical, social, and political context. Take sovereignty, for example. The word has served as the battle cry for social justice in Indian Country. But what is the meaning of sovereignty? Native peoples with diverse political beliefs all might say they support sovereignty-without understanding fully the meaning and implications packed in the word. The field of Native studies is filled with many such words whose meanings are presumed, rather than articulated or debated. Consequently, the foundational terms within Native studies always have multiple and conflicting meanings. These terms carry the colonial baggage that has accrued from centuries of contested words. Native Studies Keywords is a genealogical project that looks at the history of words that claim to have no history. It is the first book to examine the foundational concepts of Native American studies, offering multiple perspectives and opening a critical new conversation"--Résumé du site web de l'éditeur

Soul! was where Stevie Wonder and Earth, Wind & Fire got funky, where Toni Morrison read from her debut novel, where James Baldwin and Nikki Giovanni discussed gender and power, and where Amiri Baraka and Stokely Carmichael enjoyed a sympathetic forum for their radical politics. Broadcast on public television between 1968 and 1973, Soul!, helmed by pioneering producer and frequent host Ellis Haizlip, connected an array of black performers and public figures with a black viewing audience. In It's Been Beautiful, Gayle Wald tells the story of Soul!, casting this influential but overlooked program as a bold and innovative use of television to represent and critically explore black identity, culture, and feeling during a transitional period in the black freedom struggle.

Video games have become a global industry, and their history spans dozens of national industries where foreign imports compete with domestic productions, legitimate industry contends with piracy, and national identity faces the global marketplace. This volume describes video game history and culture across every continent, with essays covering areas as disparate and far-flung as Argentina and Thailand, Hungary and Indonesia, Iran and Ireland.

This research examined the identity development of Korean adult players in the online game world. Q methodology was used to investigate the subjectivity of self-development in Mabinogi (Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game). Thirty-seven adult players sorted 57 behavior statements to reflect the changes in their behaviors from past to present. Three types of self-development were found: achievement-oriented development, control-oriented development, and relational development. The behavior patterns of these three types were compared to identify similarities and differences among them in terms of psychological meanings and values in the online game life. The results illustrate that the online game world can be defined as a new behavioral setting, made possible by digital technology, in which individuals are able to experience three different paths of identity development.

Este texto analiza la transcendencia de la revolución feminista que se inició en los años 60 a partir del lema «Lo personal es político» y su influencia en la transformación del arte contemporáneo. En este contexto el trabajo desarrollado por las prácticas artísticas y la crítica feminista en relación a la denuncia de la violencia contra la mujer ocupa una posición destacada. A lo largo de estas últimas décadas no sólo ha evidenciado la violencia como un hecho continuado y global hacia la mujer sino que, además, ha iniciado nuevas narraciones que dan respuesta a un drama considerado socialmente como un irremediable «trágico final».

Cet article porte sur les oeuvres artisanales des femmes wendates du xix ₑ siècle dans le contexte plus large des traditions des arts visuels wendats. En plus des objets commerciaux, l’auteure présente des objets faits pour être utilisés lors d’occasions cérémonielles et rituelles spéciales, et qui avaient aussi une valeur importante dans la communauté. Ces deux catégories d’artisanat dévoilent la façon dont les femmes wendates adaptaient leurs traditions artistiques aux sphères économiques et diplomatiques du monde colonial, et ce avec grand succès. Ces arts ont aidé la communauté à conserver une vision du monde amérindienne et ont préservé des traditions culturelles qui se sont perpétuées d’une génération à l’autre, tout en intégrant des innovations créatives. Ils démontrent aussi le rôle diplomatique important joué par les oeuvres présentées aux dignitaires eurocanadiens et européens dans un contexte cérémoniel, afin d’établir et de maintenir des relations politiques et économiques harmonieuses.

Published by SITE Santa Fe on occasion of the inaugural SITElines Biennial, 'Unsettled Landscapes'. Unsettled Landscapes was curated by Janet Dees, Irene Hofmann, Candice Hopkins, and Lucía Sanromán. The exhibition, featuring 47 artists from 14 countries, looks at the urgencies, political conditions and historical narratives that inform the work of contemporary artists across the Americas--from Nunavut to Tierra del Fuego. Through three themes--landscape, territory, and trade--this exhibition expresses the interconnections among representations of the land, movement across the land, and economies and resources derived from the land."--Résumé de l'éditeur

The goal of this research is to examine Aboriginal feature film production in Canada, specifically within the genre of drama. This report documents the rise of Indigenous cinema worldwide and examines Canada's public funding landscape including funding allocations to Aboriginal feature film production from Canada's public funders of film over a five-year period from 2007 to 2012. This report also examines the barriers to feature film production for Aboriginal content creators in Canada, and suggests areas of opportunity that can be targeted in order to boost production in this sector. Aboriginal film production is a relatively young sector, with scarce research existing on the industry. To address this gap in the available information on the sector, the researchers expanded the scope of the study beyond public funding agencies in Canada to include data from public funding agencies in Australia and New Zealand. Aboriginal feature film production in Canada is situated within a global Indigenous cinema context. Australia and New Zealand, in particular, are two pillars of global Indigenous film that offer a realistic point from which to compare Canada's progress. As a result, data from Australia and New Zealand are included in the study, as well as one model in the United States.