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Fin des années 1960 aux Etats-Unis, les Indians of All Tribes impulsent un mouvement de contestations sociales qui a pour but la reconnaissance des droits inhérents aux peuples autochtones à la souveraineté et à l'auto-détermination. L'American Indian Movement et sa branche féminine Women of All Red Nations s'emparent de ces questions sociales, politiques et culturelles. Femmes et hommes entament de concert un processus d'émancipation dont l'accomplissement ne cesse d'être repoussé par les politiques assimilatrices successives du gouvernement états-unien. Au Canada aussi, des mobilisations collectives éclatent dans les années 1980 et 1990, et culminent avec les événements de Restigouche (1984) et la Crise d'Oka (1990). Ces évènements majeurs inspirent toute une jeune génération d'artistes autochtones et de femmes en particulier, formées notamment à l'Institute of American Indian Arts à Santa Fe (Nouveau-Mexique). De formations universitaires approfondies, elles développent des démarches artistiques transdisciplinaires à mi-chemin entre l'histoire de l'art et l'ethnographie. Elles mettent en évidence la porosité et la friabilité des frontières instaurées dans tous les secteurs par la société dominante contre les groupes considérés comme minoritaires. A cette fin, le photographique - par lequel nous désignons la pratique, la technique et l'image photographiques - devient un outil stratégique majeur de réappropriation et de réaffirmation de ce qu'elles sont et tendent à incarner. Ces artistes femmes interrogent grâce à ce médium les façons dont elles ont été représentées et se représentent elles-mêmes dans le cadre de démarches critiques des stéréotypes dont elles font l'objet depuis plusieurs siècles d'appropriation culturelle. Elles repensent par ce biais leurs identités, les rapports qu'elles entretiennent à leurs corps, à leurs sexualités et à leurs genres, à l'aune de leurs propres spiritualités. Grâce à leurs images artistiques et politiques, fruits de pratiques fondées sur une analogie entre la violation de leurs droits, l'exploitation de leurs terres et territoires, et les violences sexuelles dont elles font l'objet, elles continuent à prendre part aux mouvements de résistance actuels qui s'opposent aux projets extractivistes face auxquels elles s'affirment, une nouvelle fois, en première ligne. A partir d'un corpus iconographique de près de 400 œuvres réalisées entre 1969 et 2019, et d'entretiens individuels avec des artistes et des militantes femmes et queer autochtones des Etats-Unis et du Canada, cette thèse a pour objectif de montrer en quoi ces images - en particulier photographiques configurent des épistémologies nouvelles dans une perspective intersectionnelle, décoloniale et anticapitaliste, et s'inscrivent dans la continuité d'un processus de réaffirmation des droits inhérents des peuples autochtones, garantis par la Déclaration des Nations Unies sur les Droits des Peuples Autochtones (2007)

The Turkish television industry has undergone great transformation during the past three decades and enjoyed unprecedented success among national and transnational audiences alike. This chapter reconsiders the rise of Turkish television as a global player and an emerging national industry from a new theoretical perspective by situating Turkish television within the contemporary global developments of international television markets and within its own national history, economic, political, and cultural dynamics. By providing different examples of key turning points in its history, we offer a brief overview of TV production, distribution, and reception in Turkey since the beginning of the industry. We also illustrate how societal debates around television content, such as Turkish TV dramas (dizis), have ignited the question of representation and caused a struggle over official narratives, resulting in the entwining of the industry and production processes with politics. In our introductory chapter, we argue that with the increasing demand for content and the expansion of access to online TV platforms, emerging TV industries play an intricate and complex role in reshaping global television flows. Therefore, the case of the Turkish TV industry constitutes a significant example for understanding the current structural transformations in global television and sheds light on the interplay between national and transnational production, distribution, and reception processes.

Police procedural has been historically perceived as a dominantly masculine genre for continually revolving around the investigations of male police officers. In accordance with the patriarchal norms that pervade Turkish society, local variations of the police procedural genre have conveniently appropriated this globally known convention and left little room for female detectives in their narratives. However, whenever they got a chance to be included in this male-dominated universe, female detectives have been frequently depicted as relatively independent women but also submitted to the traditional norms of womanhood in an ambivalent manner. This chapter examines this hesitant position of female police detectives in three contemporary Turkish police procedurals, Kanıt (The Evidence, 2010–2013), Cinayet (The Killing, 2014) and Sṃahsiyet (Personality, 2018), by building connections between the interest of police procedural genre in feminist debates in the global context and the influence of this interest on local variations.

In this interview, multidisciplinary artist Caroline Monnet discusses how acts of critical self-representation open up new spaces for territorial, linguistic, and identity negotiations and affirmations for Indigenous creators. In this sense, Monnet expresses her desire to put forward exuberant, strong, and diverse representations of Indigenous women in order to counter pervasive rhetorical dynamics of victimhood conveyed by mass media and cinema. As she presents some of the visual and discursive techniques she develops through her films, installations, and photographic works, Monnet reflects on the constructive dialogues – as well as the moments of incommunicability – that emerge and fade within various spaces and contexts of creation and reception. She considers that her individual and collective creative projects fall within a pivotal period of self-determination for Indigenous artists; she thus provides a critical overview of current discourses of (re)concililation.

"This book investigates international Indigenous methodologies in art curatorial practice from the geographic spaces of Canada, Aotearoa (New Zealand) and Australia. From a perspective of Indigenous peoples important place within society, this collection explores how Indigenous art and culture operate within and from a structural framework that is unique and is positioned outside of the non-Indigenous cultural milieu. Through a selection of contributions, Becoming Our Future articulates this perspective, defines Indigenous curatorial practice and celebrates Indigenous sovereignty within the three countries. It begins to explore the connections and historical moments that draw Indigenous curatorial practices together and the differences that set them apart. This knowledge is grounded in continuous international exchanges and draws on the breadth of work within the field. With contributions by Nigel Borell, Nici Cumpston, Freja Carmicheal, Karl Chitham, Franchesca Cubillo, Léuli Eshraghi, Reuben Friend, Jarita Greyeyes, Heather Igloliorte, Jaimie Isaac, Carly Lane, Michelle LaVallee, Cathy Mattes, Bruce McLean, Kimberley Moulton, Lisa Myers, Julie Nagam, Wanda Nanibush, Jolene Rickard, Megan Tamati-Quennell, and Daina Warren."-- Provided by publisher.

In this contribution, I provide an in-depth rhetorical and textual analysis of a television debate program broadcast in 2015 on the mainstream television news channel, Habertürk TV in Turkey. The debate brought together women committed to varying political projects, including Kemalism, Islamism, leftist movements, Kurdish women’s movements, and feminism. I find this debate program unique because it took place at a crucial moment in Turkey’s recent history, preceding increasing restrictions on the media that eventually cost more than half of the program participants’ jobs and positions. In my analysis, I focus on how the program’s moderator and the women participants define “women’s issues” in an increasingly authoritarian and conflictual political climate where women are divided with regard to supporting or opposing the Justice and Development Party’s (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi—AKP) political program. The results of my analysis show that “sisterhood” does not provide common ground for women in a politically polarized environment and women with more political power dominate the conservation.

This chapter unpacks the tension between secular, modern values and conservative, Islamic interpretations within the Indonesian middle class by taking the consumption of Turkish popular cultural products as a case. The chapter explicates the social responses towards the first Turkish television drama aired on terrestrial, private television in Indonesia: The Magnificent Century (Muhtesṃem Yüzyıl/Abad Kejayaan). This chapter understands the reproduction of secular and conservative Islamic values, while in contestation, as a response to broader global, market-capitalist developments. It finds that in response to audience criticism regarding the “un-Islamic” portrayal of the epoch in the drama—specifically the depiction of women as concubines—television stations enlisted the services of Muslim clerics to correct or justify the representation of historical facts. This reveals that market-driven self-censorship has opened up ways for Muslim clerics to influence television content. As such, the chapter argues that market-capitalist forces discursively use Islamic authority as a way to legitimise the halal consumption of Turkish drama among Indonesian Muslim audience at the expense of programme diversity.

In contrast with radio broadcasting, which began in 1927, television started remarkably late in Turkey. When the country’s sole public service broadcaster, Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), was established in 1964 and all of the radio transmitters were transferred to the Corporation, even radio broadcasting was not successfully institutionalized to catch up with its Western counterparts. For a very young Republic like Turkey, radio was an integral part of the modernization and nation-building agenda of the early ruling elite and therefore it institutionalized as a part of the machinery of the state, under very strict state control. Much known indispensable merits of autonomy and independence attributed to the historical public service broadcasting model in Europe were hardly appreciated and supported in Turkey. Television broadcasting also had its share from this negative perception and had to face similar obstructions as radio from the beginning. This chapter traces the history of content regulation in television broadcasting by situating the political controversies at the center at different times from the 1960s until today. Unfortunately, as the saying goes, there is nothing new under the sun, not in Turkey.

This chapter examines the social transformation of the television audience of rural Turkey. Villages near a metropolitan area, which were subject to an administrative decision to be relocated, were the focus of my fieldwork 30 years ago. Several visits between 1987 and 2019 to the same location, which is inhabited by television viewers and non-viewers alike, yielded an insightful mapping of engagement with popular culture via television at the periphery in Turkey from a historical perspective. While rural inhabitants are busy with daily labor in the countryside and are not keen on watching television, they are nonetheless aware of and connected to new, nationwide cultural trends and social changes. By reflexively discussing these experiences in ethnographic fieldwork on television habits and reception in rural Turkey over a 30-year span, I avoid the traps of modern-traditional and urban-rural binaries, allowing for an exploration of the role of television in mediating social change in the rural context and thus an analysis of the various complex layers and processes of mediatization among rural audiences.

Haerenga Wairua / Spiritual Journeys explore le cinéma maori en tant que 4e cinéma, dans son articulation de la spiritualité maorie comme un ensemble de croyances et de pratiques vivantes et d’une grande pertinence pour ce XXIe siècle. Après une brève description des termes et croyances clés, l’auteure analyse deux longs-métrages de fiction récents, The Strength of Water (Armagan Ballantyne, scr Briar Grace-Smith, NZ & Allemagne 2009) et The Pā Boys (Himiona Grace, NZ, 2014) comme emblématiques des pratiques cinématographiques autochtones, en ce qu’ils mettent fortement en avant différents niveaux et expériences de transformation spirituelle, via divers voyages au propre comme au figuré : voyages réels, voyages psychologiques ET expériences après la mort, donc voyages spirituels. Positionnant ces films dans le contexte des traditions spirituelles de narration littéraire et cinématographique, l’auteure explore les diverses techniques filmiques et cinématographiques mises en œuvre pour rendre l’expérience spirituelle, via le son et l’image, en mettant en évidence les liens avec la Terre, l’Eau et l’environnement naturel en tant qu’éléments spirituels et souvent surnaturels. Alors que ces derniers sont généralement interprétés par les critiques et chercheurs allochtones comme étant de l’ordre du fantastique, dans le discours établi du réalisme magique, l’auteure avance plutôt que les représentations autochtones ne peuvent être ni expliquées ni contenues de manière adéquate par ce terme, et propose à sa place celui de « réalisme spirituel autochtone ». L’auteure conclut en soulignant la pertinence de voix autochtones comme celles-là, qui expriment une spiritualité enracinée dans l’interdépendance de tous êtres et de toutes choses : force de guérison dans notre planète meurtrie.

Since the1980s, the television (TV) drama has proved to be one of the most dominant formats on Turkish TV channels and occupied major slots on primetime throughout the 1990s and 2000s. As Internet penetration grew, on-demand services transformed audiences’ expectations of TV series. Internet series first became a trend on YouTube in 2013, and Netflix began broadcasting in Turkey at the beginning of 2016. Its entry to the sector triggered video-on-demand suppliers like Blu TV and Puhu TV which are digital enterprises of Doğan and Doğusṃ Holdings. Blu TV announced their first original project in 2017, Masum (Innocent), which was a big-budget series that included famous actors. In the same year, Puhu TV released their first original, Fi (Phi). Finally, Netflix launched their first original production in Turkey, Hakan: The Protector, in 2018. This chapter focuses on the implications of convergence for the production and distribution of TV dramas and considers the changes in the sector as television broadcasting shifted to new media platforms in Turkey.

Stuck between the political economy of the larger domestic television production industry and global market imperatives, I argue that Turkey’s TV industry executives and professionals had to develop and implement a number of tactics to achieve a locally based transnational cultural industry able to withstand both global and domestic pressures. In this chapter I identify three main tactics employed by Turkey’s TV industry executives and professionals to combat the socio-economic and political challenges they face: These tactics are: (1) carefully managing the content to skirt government restrictions; (2) adopting the government’s soft power discourse and public diplomacy aspirations by cooperating with government officials and businesses in their cultural promotion and nation-branding efforts; and (3) adapting to global TV trends by undertaking rigorous marketing and branding campaigns. A discussion of these tactics in the Turkish case can help us understand how culture industries in the developing world, which had to integrate into a neoliberal media environment after the 1980s due to market- and state-driven policies propelled mostly by US-based global media giants, negotiate being locally based transnational culture industries in the face of increasingly authoritarian and right-wing domestic political climates.

This chapter discusses how Chinese television has been refashioned by the digital entertainment industry, and contends that new genres, identities, and representations have emerged in recognition of youths as the most valuable and desirable category of audience. It does so by way of three case studies. The first illustrates the symbiotic relationship between online literature and television drama production, and how the former contributes to the fantastical turn of Chinese television. The second seeks to understand the emergence of new cultural figures of “supreme heroine” and “sweet males” in the context of the rise of female fandom in contemporary Chinese popular culture. The third reveals how traditional television content, or in this case a political drama, may be recreated by online distributors and influencers so as to be aligned with the habits, attitudes, and preferences of the younger audiences. The chapter concludes that to understand contemporary Chinese television culture, the Internet and social media must become an integral component of inquiry because of their powerful remediating role in the public communication of any cultural text.

This chapter examines the intersection of popular culture and populism in Turkey by focusing on the TV show Payitaht Abdulhamid. Our motivation to analyze the recent TV series Payitaht Abdulhamid stems from our interest in the instrumental mobilization of popular culture for the Turkish government’s dual desire to both establish cultural hegemony and consolidate its populist style of government. Our analysis reveals that television, especially in the Global South, still plays a central role in governments’ desire to reconstruct history and establish cultural hegemony. This is particularly important as Turkey is going through a crisis of hegemony since the public is completely divided in its support for the government. Within the context of this hegemonic crisis, televised popular culture is vital, perhaps more than ever. Specifically, the show reduces a complicated history into easily understandable dichotomies and projects them on to contemporary politics in order to consolidate support for the government. Through televised popular culture, the government mobilizes history for purposes of cultural hegemony and populist politics flavored with nationalist, Islamist, and anti-Western motifs. Ultimately, the TV show presents yet another moment for understanding the mediated nature of 21st-century politics outside Western contexts.

Television is predisposed to the perception that it is the opposite of art and politics and that it is a time-consuming means for “dumbing down,” placating, disempowering and benumbing the citizenry. Through a discussion of the place of art and that of television, I use, as a conceptual framework, the convergence of the white cube and the black box to interrogate dynamics of postcoloniality, vision and power and how this forged divergent modernisms. Television in Africa did not, as with postwar America, create a sense of collective communities of spectatorship that would be brought closer to art appreciation through television. Rather, television, as the political, social and cultural phenomenon of modernization in various African countries, seemed to corrupt what was regarded as “pristine” cultural practices. However, since it coincided with colonial independence and the emergence of postcolonial nations, it became intertwined with various modes and mediums through which new forms of social consciousness aimed at self-definition and self-representation could be disseminated. The convergence of the white cube spaces of art and the black box of television enables an engagement with the colonial spatio-temporal distanciation of Africa from the global stage.

This essay examines the 2010 NBC situation comedy Outsourced, with special attention to its representation of the racial politics surrounding business process outsourcing to India. Specifically, it discusses how Outsourced participates in what Jodi Melamed calls “neoliberal multiculturalism” to work through, symbolically and narratively, the realities and contradictions of globalized economies as they are experienced. By staging the dilemmas of outsourcing through the specter of the white male middle manager traveling to India to train Indian call center workers, Outsourced minimizes the affective labor necessarily performed by Indian call center workers and dramatizes outsourcing as a crisis of white U.S. masculinity alone. Moreover, it figures our white male protagonist as the global multicultural citizen to be emulated insofar as he models the appropriate attitude toward outsourcing and toward “other” cultures in general. Finally it suggests that the failure of the show has less to do with issues of cultural stereotyping and more to do with the failure of neoliberal multiculturalism to soothe anxieties around changing global economies.

Television delivery throughout the world has changed rapidly over the past two decades. Within South Africa, much of this global narrative is repeated. The last 25 years saw a move from a single monopoly broadcaster within the ‘public service’ tradition (but later subsumed into the apartheid political agenda), to the present situation of a multi-company, multi-platform, increasingly digital delivery, calling into question even the very definition of ‘broadcasting’. ‘Global difference’ in South Africa plays out through a relatively late start but surprisingly short catch-up period, emphasizing a demographic/socio-economic specificity that has resulted in a highly skewed television market in which the uptake of high-end technology is less widespread than in other more ‘developed’ markets, and where the taste of local programming dominates even the technologically advanced sectors. The move toward a digital system, together with the introduction of competition, has provided challenges to the regulatory regime. The majority of the audience share, however, remains with local programming, regardless of its delivery.

The chapter traces the evolution of Chinese television since 1958 from a state propaganda organ to a profit-generating media juggernaut, with China Central Television (CCTV) as the only network TV responding to both market principles and party directives. Commercialization and marketization played a major role in the rapid development of the Chinese television industry. In recent years China’s TV industry has witnessed the rise of private media companies and the rapid expansion of digital media and the proliferation of over the top (OTT) content. The chapter further provides an overview of China’s overall TV structures and teases out the relationship between CCTV and local stations. The most popular genre on Chinese TV is serial drama, which developed from predominantly single-episode anthology dramas in the 1980s to chiefly multi-episode serial dramas. Talk shows and reality TV became fashionable since the late 1990s.

Ce mémoire cherche à dresser l'historiographie de l'artiste anishnabé Nadia Myre. Il s'agit d'une analyse à la fois qualitative et quantitative de près de 200 textes récoltés au sujet de l'artiste du début de sa carrière (1995) jusqu'en 2016. En plus d'offrir une visualisation de l'accomplissement de celle-ci avec la création d'une feuille de calcul, le présent mémoire cherche aussi à analyser les différents propos des auteur.es au sujet de la pratique d'une artiste autochtone en territoire appelé Canada. Les œuvres les plus marquantes de l'artiste sont également analysées en profondeur.

Résumé livre : 4e de couv.: Les mutations qui se sont amorcées à partir de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et qui connaissent une accélération rapide avec les crises sociales, culturelles, économiques et environnementales contemporaines ont transformé le paysage muséal et les visions dont les musées se soutiennent et qu'ils entretiennent. La plupart des travaux produits au cours de ces années ont été portés par ces transformations et y contribuent : la recherche en muséologie s'est elle-même dissociée de la recherche dans les musées dans les années 1980. De plus, quelque chose s'est noué entre un tournant communicationnel dans les musées et un développement de la réflexion théorique et critique sur la communication. Dans une approche résolument pluridisciplinaire, cet ouvrage se propose d'analyser ces évolutions dans leurs dimensions institutionnelles, culturelles, communicationnelles, historiques, patrimoniales. Les perspectives réunies ici contribueront, sans aucun doute, à mettre au jour les mouvements de fond actuels, les tendances qui travaillent les institutions elles-mêmes, et le poids de ces changements dans la formulation des enjeux théoriques en muséologie.