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L'Atelier de Courbet a suscité de nombreuses interprétations qui s'ordonnent autour de quatre registres non-exclusifs : une expression sociale et politique, une approche stylistique, une théorisation de la position de l'artiste dans le monde, un autoportrait de Gustave Courbet. A côté de ces différents « jugements » qui opèrent par la recherche d'un ordre caché dans le tableau, il est ici approché de façon pragmatique comme ce qu'il déclare être : une tentative d'énonciation de son travail de peintre par Gustave Courbet. Si L'Atelier n'est pas un « vrai lieu », il s'agit bien pourtant de la figuration d'un système d'acteurs hétérogènes dont les interactions et les entre-définitions exprimées par la composition du tableau, font exister et tenir l'acte de peindre de Courbet. Si ce tableau n'est pas un cas isolé dans sa peinture qui se fait dans un rapport fondamental avec une réflexion sur l'acte de peindre, il prend cependant place dans une tentative de contournement des contraintes académiques pour s'imposer par la médiation de l'espace public.

Indigenous peoples are making their own spaces online, using art as the backdrop for cross-cultural dialogue. Cyberspace—the websites, chat rooms, bulletin boards, virtual environments, and games that make up the internet—offers Aboriginal communities an unprecedented opportunity to assert control over how we represent ourselves to each other and to non-Aboriginals. This article introduces the concept of Aboriginally determined territories in cyberspace and discusses how these can be defined, maintained, and expanded. We will do this within the Canadian context, though much of the discussion is pertinent to Aboriginal communities in other parts of the world. We draw on lessons learned from creating and curating CyberPowWow, an Aboriginally determined online gallery, to propose Aboriginal Territories in Cyberspace, a series of initiatives to expand Aboriginal presence online. These include expanding CyberPowWow into an ongoing community of new media artists addressing Aboriginal issues; developing Skins, a project in which elders work with youth to explore tribal stories through the use of online virtual environments; and laying the foundations for Within Reservations, which will function as a blueprint for equipping Aboriginals for full participation in the ongoing revolution in networked information technologies.

Inventions have their greatest impact when they go beyond their possible practical applications and act upon the imagination. When Martin Behaim invented the first globe in 1490, a functionally useless object consisting mostly of terra incognita, he was widely ridiculed; but somehow the ideas that his globe represented stuck, and within a few decades the basic validity of his construction was confirmed by the voyages of Columbus, Cabot, Vasco de Gama, Magellan, and others. Today, with efforts to situate the rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially the Internet, in the context of globalization, there is a similar division between those who dismiss it as being of no importance and those who see in it a looming (for good or ill) global revolution. But, as with Behaim's globe, the imaginary possibilities of these innovations are important in determining how and to what extent human existence is to be transformed by them

Transference, Tradition, Technology explores Canadian Aboriginal new media and references the work of artists within a political, cultural and aesthetic milieu. The book constructs a Native art history relating to these disciplines, one that is grounded in the philosophical and cosmological foundations of Aboriginal concepts of community and identity within the rigour of contemporary arts discourse. Approachable in nature but scholarly in content, this book is the first of its kind. A text book for students and teachers of Canadian Aboriginal history and visual and media art, and a source for writers, scholars and historians, Transference, Tradition, Technology is co-produced with the Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton; and Indigenous Media Arts Group, Vancouver.

This article begins with an analysis of the problems of ‘physical repatriation’, as I review the case of the return of a First Nations mask to its community of origin. First Nations struggle to fit their concepts of ownership into western ones, where objects are viewed as alienable. As an alternative, the art of John Powell and Marianne Nicolson depicts a ‘figurative repatriation’ that does not rely on either the courts or museums to recognize legal or moral ownership. I argue that these contemporary artworks are social agents, which bring First Nations cultural objects home by staking out territory within museums. These ‘artist warriors’ forcibly recover (both literally and metaphorically) First Nations objects on display in foreign settings and reinscribe meaning at the level of the personal and the communal. They make objectified assertions of native identity that reclaim the right to self-definition. Moreover, these claims are made all the more powerful through their conscious location within an oppositional discourse framed by the Canadian western art world.

« Tantôt présents ou documents figurés, tantôt considérés comme de la monnaie, les wampums sont des colliers de perles fabriquées de coquillages marins qui étaient utilisés par les Indiens du Nord-Est de l'Amérique et les Européens. Si des milliers de wampums sont cités dans les archives coloniales, peu d'entre eux sont parvenus jusqu'à nous et la tradition de leur échange a depuis longtemps cessé d'être pratiquée. Les wampums du Musée de la civilisation de Québec ont été acquis à la fin du XIXe siècle dans un contexte particulier où collectionneurs et numismates s'arrachaient les objets amérindiens et où ceux-ci, pour diverses raisons, acceptaient de s'en départir. Cette collection n'avait jamais été étudiée, ni par les historiens, ni par les ethnologues ou par les muséologues. Par un raisonnement critique, en avançant toujours avec prudence et sans jamais céder à la simplification, Jonathan C. Lainey soulève les difficultés et les problèmes reliés à leur étude et à leur interprétation. Il reconstitue méticuleusement les différentes étapes de la vie des objets, leur muséification et le sens qu'on peut leur donner aujourd'hui. Plus qu'une simple étude sur les wampums, cet ouvrage a le mérite de porter un regard sur certaines réalités historiques relatives à la culture matérielle d'un groupe amérindien de la région de Québec, les Hurons de Lorette. Ce sont le rapport à l'Autre, les processus d'appropriation et les transferts culturels qui sont abordés par l'étude de la transformation de l'usage des wampums, devenus aujourd'hui objets de musée. Reposant sur une ethnographie et une iconographie riches et détaillées, ce livre constitue une contribution importante aux études ethnohistoriques et aux études amérindiennes de l'Amérique du Nord-Est. »-- Résumé de l'éditeur.

Ainsi en fut-il de la restitution en août 1999 par le Royal Ontario Museum des ossements des quelque cinq cents ancêtres wendats, illégalement extirpés en 1947 de la fosse commune d'Ossosané par les anthropologues du Musée, ceux-ci ayant retracé le site du dernier grand festin collectif en Huronie en 1636 (alors décrit par le père Brébeuf), ce qui a donné lieu à la résurgence d'une nouvelle grande fête des Morts, célébrée de de manière privée par les quatre nations de la diaspora wendatte, sous les offices d'un chamane iroquois traditionnaliste parlant encore le huron ; - la réactivation de ces types de créations comme manifestation authentiquement artistique autochtone et surtout comme mécanismes culturels de transmission aux jeunes générations. Bien que l'habitation nomade de la tente, sous la forme de tipi, fût celle qui a été la plus diffusée médiatiquement (entendre le cinéma hollywoodien et les séries de télévision des cow-boys et des Indiens des années cinquante et soixante pour identifier ceux qu'on appelle, depuis l'erreur d'identification du continent par Christophe Colomb, les « Indiens »), sa stylisation par une découpe moderne se démarquait des nombreuses reproductions kitsch. La performance An Indian Act Shooting the Indian Act (1997) de l'artiste Lawrence Paul Xuweluptun, dont rendait compte une projection vidéo accompagnant son exposition « Coulour Zone », en avril 2000, au Centre Saydie Bronfman de Montréal, et l'installation multimédia Resig/Nation (1999) de l'artiste saulteux et métis Edward Poitras au Lieu, Centre en art actuel, à Québec à l'hiver 2000, étaient radicales

"This dissertation traces the presence of installation-based practices among artists of Aboriginal ancestry via selected exhibitions across Canada. It begins with a methodological perspective on Canadian art history, federal law, and human science, as a means of establishing a contextual backdrop for the art under consideration. The rise of an Indian empowerment movement during the twentieth century is then shown to take on an international voice which had cultural ramifications at the 1967 Canadian International and Universal Exhibition. Nascent signs of a multi-mediatic aesthetic are distinguished in selected works in Canadian Indian Art '74, as well as through Native-run visual arts programs. First Nations art history is charted via new Canadian art narratives starting in the early 1970s, followed by the development of spatial productions and hybrid discourses in New Work By a New Generation in 1982, and Stardusters in 1986. The final chapter opens with a history of installation art since the Second World War, as related to the pronounced presence of multi-mediactic works in Beyond History in 1989. Post-colonial and postmodern theories are deployed to conclusively situate both the artistic and political concerns featured throughout this study, and lead into the analysis of selected installations at Indigena: Contemporary Native Perspectives and Land, Spirit, Power: First Nations at the National Gallery of Canada. These 1992 shows in the national capital region ultimately confirm the maturation of a particular socio-political aesthetic that tested issues of Canadian identity, while signifying Aboriginal sites of difference."--

This book provides a glimpse of thirteenth-century life and death in a southern Ontario Iroquoian community. The renovation of a Toronto soccer field in 1997 resulted in the accidental discovery of an Iroquoian ossuary--a large pit containing the remains of at least 87 people. The pit was excavated and recorded, and the remains reburied in accordance with the wishes of the Six Nations Council of Oshweken. Scientific analyses of the bones resulted in a remarkably detailed demographic profile of the Moatfield people, along with indicators of their health and diet. The book reports these findings and includes a complete database of maps and profiles on an accompanying CD-ROM. Ronald F. Williamson is president of Archaeological Services Inc., Toronto. Susan Pfeiffer is professor of anthropology at the University of Toronto. Source: Publisher

This comprehensive anthology places issues of racial representation squarely on the canvas. Within these pages are representations of Nubians in ancient art, the great tradition of Westernmasters such as Manet and Picasso and contemporary work by lesser known artists.

Silver Horn's art documents the changes in the lives of the Kiowa Indians, as well as changes in Kiowa art itself. The art presented here, shows the bridge he created between ancient Kiowa aesthetics and modern forms of expression that had an impact on younger Native American artists.

In 1558, confronted by the differences in the ways Native peoples and Europeans perceived and structured their respective societies, Renais- sance travel writer Andre Thevet asserted that the indigenous popula- tions of North America, unlike Europeans, had neither religion, civility, nor books, and lived like 'beasts without reason' (Thevet [1558] 1878, 134-6). In 1603, writing of the Native groups he encountered, Samuel de Champlain remarked that since each person 'prayed in his heart just as he liked,' they in effect had 'no law among them and do not know what it is to worship God and pray to Him, living as they do like brute beasts' (Champlain 1922-36, 6: 52). In contrast, Native groups, although not always conciliatory, nonetheless sought out ways to incorporate Europeans into existing political and ideological structures, inviting Champlain, Jesuit missionaries, and others to come to live with them and to participate in their way of life (Dickason 1992, 103, 107).A funda- mental element of Rotinonhsyonni1 diplomacy was the political neces- sity to achieve integrations so that, at least ideologically, Europeans and Iroquoians could perceive themselves to be brothers, one and the same people (Jesuit Relations [1610-1791] 1896-1901 [hereafter JR] 27: 253- 61). When Jacques Cartier encountered the Montagnais-Naskapi in 1534, he remarked on their ease of manners in their coming 'freely on board our vessels as if they had been Frenchmen' (Cartier 1924, 76).

This book seeks to clarify postcolonial Indigenous thought beginning at the new millennium. It represents the voices of the first generation of global Indigenous scholars and converges those voices, their analyses, and their dreams of a decolonized world.

Tourist art production is a global phenomenon and is increasingly recognized as an important and authentic expression of indigenous visual traditions. These thoughtful, engaging essays provide a comparative perspective on the history, character, and impact of tourist art in colonized societies in three areas of the world: Africa, Oceania, and North America. Ranging broadly historically and geographically, Unpacking Culture is the first collection to bring together substantial case studies on this topic from around the world.

The influence of the "trickster" in contemporary Canadian native art is entwined with cultural sensibilities and expressed through ironic humour. Exploring the trickster's presence, this text allows the artists to offer their own ideas on the creative process and the nature of native humour.

Sioui has produced a work not only of metahistory but of moral reflections. He contrasts Euroamerican ethnocentrism and feelings of racial superiority with the Amerindian belief in the "Great Circle of Life" and shows that human beings must establish intellectual and emotional connections with the entire living world if they hope to achieve abundance, quality, and peace for all. Sioui is proud to be a Huron and an Amerindian and is fully aware of the injustices that the aboriginal people of North America have suffered - and continue to suffer - at the hands of Euroamericans. He is convinced that the greatness of Amerindians does not lie only in the past but that Native peoples will play an even more important role in the future by providing ideas essential to creating aviable way of life for North America and the world. While this is a polemical work, Sioui never descends to recrimination or vituperative condemnation, even when that might seem justified. Instead, he has given us a polemic that is written at the level of philosophy.

Tribal art has greatly inspired much 20th-century Western art. But is this a cross-cultural discovery to be celebrated, or another example of Western colonial appropriation? This work, focusing on countries such as Australia and New Zealand, argues that both views are too simplistic

What happens when a Native or indigenous person turns a video camera on his or her own culture? Are the resulting images different from what a Westernized filmmaker would create, and, if so, in what ways? This book discusses the core concepts of aesthetics and indigenous culture and examines the work of American Indian documentary filmmakers