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The Decade of Vaccines is a comprehensive review of the history of vaccines in the Canadian province of Quebec, a province in mutation attracted by alternatives to biomedicine, backed by a dynamic process of hierarchization of health risks. This chapter examines vaccine hesitancy as a spectrum of situated individual and collective behaviors regarding immunization to highlight the vaccine selections that resulted from the political and sanitary emancipation of a society in mutation. The examination of these hesitations determinants brings to light the impact of the political and sanitary emancipation of a society in mutation attracted by alternatives to biomedicine, backed by a dynamic process of hierarchization of health risks. Analysis reveals, apart from the imprint of the new sciences of vaccinology and immunology, the weight of the state disengaging from mass prevention programs, supported in this direction by the hospital-centered healthcare system and the metamorphoses of contemporary public health. It is in these historical contexts that rational, even innovative, and simultaneously plastic and autonomous forms of preventive moderation unfold. The author notes that the return to mandatory vaccination, which has been enforced or implemented here and there in recent years, in the United States as in Europe, cannot constitute a solution to a societal phenomenon that is constantly adjusting. While the exploration of personalized vaccines remains in the realm of utopia and the pandemic risk has once again materialized, it would be good to rethink what public health means and to reinsert with tact, pedagogy and listening vaccination as a common good.
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Based on a comparative study of the communities that migrated from India to French Indochina and British Burma, this thesis examines the place of Indian migrants in these two colonies during the first half of the 20th century. Indian minorities had a special place in the colonial system because of their various legal status, political and economic influence, and intermediary roles. These dynamics and the interest in studying them are illustrated by three specific case studies: 1. the dispute between Indian police officers and the municipality of Saigon in 1907; 2. Negotiations during the separation of Burma from the British Raj in 1935; 3. the repercussions of the 1929 stock market crash on government discourse on these communities and their place in colonial settings. The interaction of Indian minorities with colonial administrations indicates their understanding of imperial workings. They illustrate their skillful navigation of government structures and their mobilization to defend their interests. The analysis of their position as intermediaries highlights how minority communities have used their relationships to bypass lines of authority and power and sheds light on the plurality of hierarchical axes in colonial situations. These three case studies provide a more holistic conceptualization of colonial Indian minorities and support their complexity, highlighting their ambiguous allegiances and how they define and redefine themselves. The colonial authorities' speeches on those communities highlighted the link between the desirability of Indian minorities and Indian minorities and the need for their presence in the two colonies. This thesis helps deepen our understanding of what an empire is and the complex place that groups deemed homogenous and marginal may have occupied within it.
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Context: In Quebec, Bill 31, adopted on March 18, 2020, extended vaccination to pharmacists. Despite many advantages, this new practice comes with public health issues reinforced in the context of COVID-19. Therefore, it is essential to understand the opportunities and challenges of the participation of community pharmacists in influenza vaccination, from a public health perspective by (i) describing the year of 2020-2021 influenza vaccination offer, (ii) its opportunities and challenges, and (iii) its impact on the accessibility of this service newly offered by pharmacists to the most vulnerable people. Methods: This research is a case study from one of the most affected areas by COVID-19 in Canada: Laval. Our method combines documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with health professionals and public health actors (n = 23). Researchers used a thematic analysis to analyze these results. Results: Most partners (pharmacists, public health administrators) underlined multiple opportunities of this new practice, ie, pharmacists who can vaccinate, particularly for chronically ill patients. However, structural and strategical challenges remain. More specifically, vaccination seemed to only rely on a “first come, first served” basis, which questions public health objectives of vaccination, such as equitable access. Conclusion: The introduction of new actors, such as pharmacists, represents a major opportunity to improve vaccination coverage and reduce the burden of COVID-19 on the health system. However, this delegation of a public health activity to the private sector undoubtedly requires closer coordination with public health institutions.