Rechercher

L’affaire Constant se prête à merveille à l’analyse intersectionnelle qui invite à penser la pluralité des formes et des logiques de domination (en particulier sexe, race et classe) et la complexité de leurs articulations. En effet, elle révèle les dynamiques de pouvoir qui régissent la maison entièrement féminine dans laquelle est perpétré le crime d’un esclave panis en 1757. Mais surtout, au-delà de la vérité pérenne et tragique – et pourtant si souvent invisibilisée – qu’elle révèle de l’esclavage autochtone à Montréal et en Nouvelle-France, elle permet « d’entendre » les voix des esclaves autochtones et de prendre la mesure de leur agentivité (ou horizon d’action pensé et vécu).

Recent scholarship has demonstrated that warfare had a profound impact on medieval landscapes, which it transformed and altered considerably. As it stands, environmental history provides a new way to understand warfare, as “in the long perspective of global environmental history, warfare and the preparation for war stand out as a central dimension of how societies, states, and economics have been organized.” Whether it was intentional, as demonstrated by Philip Slavin's study on the use of fire and scorched earth tactics during the Anglo-Scottish Wars, or collateral, as shown by The Ecology of Crusading, Aleksander Pluskowski's research program which studies the influence of the Baltic Crusades on the region's ecosystem, medieval warfare significantly and lastingly affected the natural world as well as human populations. Consequently, it greatly impacted how medieval powers administered their natural resources; this in turn served to emphasize the growing importance of natural resources in military affairs and ultimately contributed to the development of sustainable forestry.Late medieval Normandy provides an excellent field of study, as it was at the forefront of the Hundred Years’ War, a conflict that exemplifies how warfare shaped both landscape and environment. If the English chevauchées and the war against the king of Navarre and his routiers brought great devastation to the Norman countryside, they also accentuated the strain on the duchy's forests at a time of growing military needs, therefore stressing the need for better regulations. As this paper will demonstrate, the royal forests of Normandy were of vital importance to the king of France. Not only were they an essential part of the province's economy; they were also a major military asset for the kingdom in time of war. Such a notion might seem anachronistic for the Middle Ages; but a “military asset” simply represents, according to its core definition, “something useful in an effort to foil or defeat an enemy.” While one could argue that, for the medieval era, the definition better suits fortifications or available military strength, Nicholas Morton has shown that the notion can also be applied to resources of the time such as crops, mines, flocks or, as this paper will argue, forests. Normandy's shipyards, and more precisely Rouen's Clos des galées, as well as its royal castles and fortresses all required an important timber intake for their daily operation and maintenance.

Mon corpus, qui couvre la période 1740-1761, compte quelque 75 000 pages de texte imprimé, où les mentions de l'Amérique sont clairsemées mais présentes dans des contextes très variés: articles de nouvelles, comptes-rendus de spectacles, jeux de vocabulaire, extraits d'ouvrages scientifiques, etc. La fouille de texte était donc absolument nécessaire pour extraire le contenu pertinent de cette masse documentaire. Malheureusement, les textes d'Ancien Régime souffrent d'une orthographe irrégulière et d'une «océrisation» déficiente, causée notamment par le mauvais état des documents qui ont été soumis à la reconnaissance optique des caractères. De plus, certaines caractéristiques des périodiques que j'utilise en font ce que j'appelle du Bad Data puisque les prémisses de la théorie du Big Data, notamment le fait que les erreurs se répartissent de manière à peu près régulière et qu'il est tout de même possible d'en extraire un signal, ne s'y appliquent pas: les erreurs ont plutôt tendance à se regrouper dans des secteurs cruciaux du texte, et le coût unitaire d'acquisition des données «corrigées» se révèle passablement élevé. Il m'a donc fallu développer une méthode hybride, mi-numérique, mi-analogique, pour compléter mon projet, méthode qui repose notamment sur un outil que j'ai codé en Python.

Un article de la revue Cahiers d'histoire, diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.

During their long reigns, Emperor Wu of the Western Han and Augustus of Rome respectively performed two spectacular ceremonies, the feng and shan sacrifices and the ludi saeculares. The performance of these ceremonies took place during a larger process of reforms to each state’s religious institutions and marked the culmination of these reforms. While there is no direct connection between the two rulers or their respective ceremonies, some of the salient characteristics can be compared. In both cases, the rulers claimed to revive ancient ceremonies, but incorporated new narratives of rulership into their performance. These spectacular ceremonies, performed in front of audiences, demonstrated the exalted position of the ruler, as well as the acceptance of the elites to the new order.

The archaeological fieldwork conducted in Greece in 2015 under the aegis of the Canadian Institute in Greece (CIG) is summarized based on the presentation given by the director at the institute's annual Open Meeting in Athens in May 2016.

An article from Bulletin d'histoire politique, on Érudit.

The concepts of "national" and "international" are crucial in the study of the French Communist Party and the Italian Communist Party. The two most important communist parties in Western Europe have always tried to reconcile their national political proposals with USSR international and geopolitical issues. The synthesis was not always easy, and this difficulty emerges in the historiographical debate of the two parties. A conflictual approach has been developed by historians of both parties, and these two concepts have not been analyzed as two aspects of a global perspective, but rather as opposed one to another. After examining the thesis of some historians, we propose an organic and more neutral approach, using as a case of study the utilization of national symbols by both parties. We chose a comparative approach because the geopolitical and historical situation of the two parties presented some similarities. Also, in both cases, we can observe, with some differences, the affirmation of two conflicting historiographical school of thoughts.

In the industrialized nations of the global North, well-funded agencies like the CDC attend to citizens' health, monitoring and treating for toxic poisons like lead. How do the under-resourced nations of the global South meet such challenges? In Edges of Exposure, Noémi Tousignant traces the work of toxicologists in Senegal as they have sought to warn of and remediate the presence of heavy metals and other poisons in their communities. Situating recent toxic scandals within histories of science and regulation in postcolonial Africa, Tousignant shows how decolonization and structural adjustment have impacted toxicity and toxicology research. Ultimately, as Tousignant reveals, scientists' capacity to conduct research—as determined by material working conditions, levels of public investment, and their creative but not always successful efforts to make visible the harm of toxic poisons—affects their ability to keep equipment, labs, projects, and careers going.

The scientific discovery and mastery of electricity created as many important changes in modern society as did the invention of alphabetical writing in antiquity and movable type in the fifteenth century. It is more than a natural phenomenon that science has harnessed for human use; it is a central feature of the modern episteme. It has inspired writers and artists, propelled industry and innovation, and reshaped human social behaviour. Looking at a variety of topics including film, politics, and contemporary art, this volume explores the impact of electricity on knowledge, social practices, media, community life, and subjective experience.,La découverte scientifique et la maîtrise de l'électricité ont bouleversé notre société au même titre que l'invention de l'écriture alphabétique durant l'Antiquité et de l'imprimerie à caractères mobiles au XVe siècle. Il ne s'agit pas seulement d'un phénomène naturel mis au service de l'homme par la science, mais d'un élément central de l'épistémè moderne : l'électricité a inspiré des écrivains et des artistes, a servi de force d'impulsion au monde de l'industrie et de l'innovation et a redéfini les comportements sociaux. En explorant l'incidence de l'électricité sur le savoir, les pratiques sociales, les médias, la vie sociale et les expériences personnelles, cet ouvrage tente d'en saisir les aspects techniques et culturels dans toute leur complexité.