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Consultez le sommaire de ce numéro de la revue VertigO sur la plateforme Érudit. Discipline : Eau et environnement.
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Cet article revisite l’histoire de la fiction du métissage, sous l’éclairage croisé de la religion, du genre et des Imperium Studies. Les premiers résultats de l’analyse montrent qu’entre les années 1500-1680, les Autres pouvaient facilement s’assimiler à la société des Français par les voies privilégiées et éminemment genrées qu’étaient le baptême et le mariage. Or mettre en regard ces voies d’assimilation avec l’échec que fut la chimère (tout aussi genrée) de faire un seul peuple franco-amérindien, permet de faire ressortir des mécanismes mentalitaires qui jouèrent en faveur de la tentation impérialiste – celle du roi de France, en veine d’absolutisme, comme celle de l’Église de Rome, catholique et donc universelle.
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In the wake of the Ottoman Empire’s nineteenth-century reforms, as guilds waned and new professions emerged, the scholarly ‘estate’ underwent social differentiation. Some found employment in the state’s new institutions as translators, teachers and editors, whilst others resisted civil servant status. Gradually, the scholar morphed into the public writer. Despite his fledgling status, he catered for the public interest all the more so since new professionals such as doctors, engineers and lawyers endorsed this latest social role as an integral part of their own self-image. This dual preoccupation with self-definition and all things public is the central concern of this book. Focusing on the period after the tax-farming scholar took the bow and before the alienated intellectual prevailed on the contemporary Arab cultural scene, it situates the making of the Arab intellectual within the dysfunctional space of competing states’ interests known as the ‘Nahda’. Located between Empire and Colony, the emerging Arab public sphere was a space of over- and under-regulation, hindering accountability and upsetting allegiances. The communities that Arab intellectuals imagined, including the Pan-Islamic, Pan-Arab and socialist sat astride many a polity and never became contained by post-colonial states. Examining a range of canonical and less canonical authors, this interdisciplinary approach to The Making of the Modern Arab Intellectual will be of interest to students and scholars of the Middle East, history, political science, comparative literature and philosophy.
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Informed by labor economics and labor history, the economic history of labor markets is an alternative and unified approach to study the wage and employment relation. This broad field encompasses the nature, organization, and conditions of work, as well as the non-wage compensation labor earned. It is an alternative approach because, unlike the economics’ textbook model, the economic historian does not perceive the labor market as static. Rather, economic history provides a framework to examine the feedback mechanisms – the dynamic relation – between labor markets and technological change, business organization, government regulation, product markets, and the preferences of participants themselves. Put differently, history provides rich examples of the many margins of adjustment in labor markets across space and time, in addition to wage and employment dimensions.
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